Access Rights Research Articles

Implementation of the electronic health record in the German healthcare system: an assessment of the current status and future development perspectives considering the potentials of health data utilisation by representatives of different stakeholder groups

IntroductionThe digitalisation of the German healthcare system enables a wide range of opportunities to utilize healthcare data. The implementation of the EHR in January 2021 was a significant step, but compared to other European countries, the implementation of the EHR in the German healthcare system is still at an early stage. The aim of this paper is to characterise the structural factors relating to the adoption of the EHR in more detail from the perspective of representatives of stakeholders working in the German healthcare system and to identify existing barriers to implementation and the need for change.MethodsQualitative expert interviews were conducted with one representative from each of the stakeholder groups health insurance, pharmacies, healthcare research, EHR development and panel doctors.ResultsThe interviews with the various stakeholders revealed that the implementation process of the EHR is being delayed by a lack of a viable basis for decision-making, existing conflicts of interest and insufficient consideration of the needs of patients and service providers, among other things.DiscussionThe current status of EHR implementation is due to deficiency in legal regulations as well as structural problems and the timing of the introduction. For instance, the access rights of various stakeholders to the EHR data and the procedure in the event of a technical failure of the telematics infrastructure are remain unclear. In addition, insufficient information and communication measures have not led to the desired acceptance of EHR use among patients and service providers.

Commoning the compact city: The role of old and new commons in urban development

Although densification is generally seen to contribute to more sustainable urban development, it is often linked to market-oriented and for-profit development, contributing to the enclosure of urban space. We analyse how densification can take a different path through processes of commoning. We particularly aim to understand how commoning initiatives can contribute to new institutional arrangements that counteract enclosure and commodification in densification. We furthermore aim to contribute to conceptual clarity in the debate on urban commons by emphasizing the different roles of so-called ‘old’ and ‘new’ commons in urban development. Our analytical framework builds on a new institutionalist approach which stresses the analysis of localized and temporary institutional arrangements negotiated among actors in a given situation. We rely on a detailed case-study of a densification project in the city of Bern (Switzerland), where publicly-owned land was redeveloped into cooperative housing and urban green space. Our findings show how densification leads to a transition phase in which institutional arrangements defining land uses and allocating access and use rights are renegotiated. These are crucial moments where processes of commoning can shape the outcome of densification, although not independently from the supportive action of the public actor. We underline the potential of new commons, even when typically transitional, unstable, and temporary. Contrary to old commons, their potential lies not so much in the ability for long-lasting resource management, but rather in the capacity to change the conditions of governance during the transition between land uses, advancing more socially-sustainable outcomes in a key moment of the urban redevelopment process.

Analysis of the Quality of Licensing Management through the Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) System at the Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Central Maluku Regency

This research have two purposes: 1. to learn and explain the quality analysis of licensing management through the Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah and 2. to know and explain what the supportive and impeding factors in the management of licences through the Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS - RBA) at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. The method used in this research is qualitative with a descriptive approach, using five dimensions of quality according to Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In this research, there were 22 respondents, consisting of 7 (seven) officers at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah and 15 entrepreneurs (14 UMK and 1 non-UMK). In this research, data collection techniques are carried out with observations, structured interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of the quality analysis of licensing management through the Online Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA) system at Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. The researcher concluded the following categories of results: 1. tangibles with a good category; 2. reliability with a good category; 3. responsiveness with an excellent category; 4. assurance with an excellent category; and 5. empathy with an excellent category. In addition, there are factors that support the process of licensing management through this OSS-RBA system: ease of requirements, accessibility, rapidity of handling time, and fee/cost setting. While the factors that hinder the process of licensing management through this OSS-RBA system are: network and system connections, compliance with requirements, has not made changes to the AHU for the enterprise/AHU blocked, the entrepreneur forgot their OSS access rights, incorrectly entered KBLI, still exists the brokering practice, Identity Card Number (NIK) and Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP) having problems and invalid

Bezárva és kizárva

Aim: The aim of this study entails the examination of the rights of prisoners to use and access the Internet, based on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. A further objective of the study is to analyse the fundamental rights aspects of Internet access, in particular in the framework of the relevant EU law, and to interpret the phenomenon of the digital divide in relation to prisoners. Methodology: The study is primarily based on the review of the pertaining literature and legal materials. In addition, three case studies are included in the research, inter alia to allow the findings of the literature to be interpreted in the context of jurisdiction. Findings: The research concludes that prisoners’ access to the Internet should be studied in accordance with fundamental rights, including Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. With regard to the digital divide, it is concluded that restricting prisoners’ access to the Internet may lead to the expansion of the digital divide, potentially hampering prisoners’ reintegration. Also of particular relevance to the findings is the demonstration that the polemics surrounding prisoners’ right of access to the Internet can be localised at a territorial level – in particular, the Baltic States and Turkey are affected. Value: The study is a useful contribution to the literature on the digital divide in Hungary, especially to the legal reception of the phenomenon. The study’s approach, combining theory and practice, is useful both for domestic legal practitioners and for researchers conducting interdisciplinary research on EU law and fundamental rights.

Digitalization of anesthesiology and resuscitation services: multicenter questionnaire study

OBJECTIVE: To substantiate recommendations for the implementation of the concept and technologies of digitalization of the anesthesiology and resuscitation (A&R) service in multidisciplinary hospitals to solve the problem of ensuring the safety of patients and medical personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study presents data on the implementation of information technology in the practice of the A&R service based on information received from 235 anesthesiology and resuscitation specialists working in leadership positions in various categories of healthcare institutions. Method of collecting information: experts independently completed the online version of the questionnaire. Sampling principle: intentional. Survey period: April 12, 2023 — August 4, 2023. RESULTS: In 87 % of hospitals the medical information system (MIS) of the A&R service is part of the hospital’s MIS. Only in 23 % of hospitals all workstations of the anesthesiologist-resuscitator are connected to the MIS. Logging into a personal electronic workplace using access rights on any of the hospital’s personal computers was confirmed by 87 % of respondents. Hospitals in which anesthesiology and resuscitation equipment are not integrated into the MIS account for 89 %. In the case of branches with a local A&R information system, equipment in 44 % of similar branches is connected to it. Only in 51 % of hospitals the A&R receives data from the laboratory information system, the integration rates with the radiological information system are even lower and amount to only 34 %. The study revealed a significant problem with the introduction of clinical recommendations, drug reference books, as well as prevention and manipulation protocols, various requirements and, in particular, scales/indices for assessing the condition of patients into the MIS. CONCLUSIONS: For the full functioning of the MIS, organizational solutions are needed that are aimed at implementing the tasks, primary and future. The development and application of modern MIS in anesthesiology and resuscitation will contribute to the further development of the specialty and ensure patient safety and adequate quality of medical care. It is necessary to unify the requirements for MIS developers according to the main components in the functionality.

DPA independence and ‘indirect’ access – illusory in Belgium, France and Germany?

Directive 2016/680 provides for two procedures for the exercise of the rights of access to one's data: a direct one (that is, directly against the law enforcement authority) and an ‘indirect’ one, in which the responsible Data Protection Authority (DPA) exercises the right of access of the data subject against the law enforcement authority which refused the direct access, including by carrying out a legality check on the data processing of the personal data of the individual requesting access. The recent judgment in Ligue des droits humains ASBL treated the question of the powers of DPAs in the framework of this procedure, amongst others, as a matter of DPA independence. Existing literature has observed that the implementing laws of three Member States – Belgium, France and Germany – severely restrict the powers of the DPAs when these perform the ‘indirect’ right of access, for example to carry out the legality check and inform the individuals of the results of the check. In the this article we will argue that these national restrictions constitute an unjustified interference with the requirement on DPA independence in EU data protection law, including in Article 8(3) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.

The Right of Access to ‘Reliable’ Information Under Article 10 echr: From Meagre Beginnings to New Frontiers

Abstract Recognition of the right of access to information under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights has been marked by fits and starts. This article charts three phases in the jurisprudence – from outright denial (Phase One), through hesitant recognition (Phase Two), to recognition of a limited right in specified circumstances (Phase Three). The Court’s recent judgment in Association Burestop 55 and Others v France may mark a new frontier (or ‘Fourth Phase’), as the Court recognised for the first time that the right necessarily comprises a qualitative aspect – that is, it requires that the information disclosed is sincere, accurate, sufficient, and reliable. This could have important ramifications for the quality of the information environment in the current ‘post-truth’ era. However, several conceptual challenges, practical limitations, and lingering uncertainties will need to be addressed for the promise of the judgment to be fully realised.

SecureLaw Portal: Empowering Citizens with Transparent Legal Records via Blockchain and Cloud eVault

In the digital age, where data integrity is essential, the management of legal data requires innovative solutions. SecureLaw is a new project that combines the immutable power of blockchain, the flexibility of Cloud. The agility of the Cloud, Express.js, React.js, Node .js suite. This integration forms the backbone of the transformation of data protection laws, providing unparalleled security, transparency and easy access. Highlights of this project: SecureLaw is instrumental in redefining information law in India. Traditional systems often face security breaches and lack of transparency, undermining the integrity of the legal process. SecureLaw solves these problems by integrating blockchain technology, which provides immutable data that ensures legal documents are not tampered with and ensure their authenticity. The introduction of smart contracts automates the process, controls permissions and makes data immutable, thus increasing efficiency and reducing errors. Leveraging Cloud services such as S3 for storage, API gateways for seamless communications, Lambda for serverless computing, and DynamoDB for scalable databases provides a powerful, scalable, and cost-effective infrastructure. Scalability is important to accommodate legal system growth, and Cloud’s Dynamic Services provide a solution. The AERN group (AWS, Express.js, React.js, Node.js) strengthens the foundation of the project. Express.js is a simple and easy backend framework that seamlessly integrates for efficient data processing and processing. React.js is a front-end library with many features that make it user responsive and intuitive. Node.js is known for its performance that enables dynamic recovery and makes data fast and recoverable. SecureLaw's user centric approach includes managing access to personal and legal personal details. Personal auditors, regional directors, directors (DGs), judges, etc. It deals with many user roles, personal control panels, and access rights. This change promotes cooperation, transparency and communication in the legal system. Features of a self-explanatory legal system encourage people to understand the legal process, fostering transparency, trust, and collaborative knowledge. Keywords: Blockchain, Application Programming Interface (API), Cloud , Express.js, React.js, Node.js

Historical Perspectives on Disability in Egypt: Attitudes and Policies

This research paper examines the historical perspectives on disability in Egypt from ancient times to the modern era. The study uses a comparative approach to explore the attitudes and policies towards individuals with disabilities in different historical eras, including ancient Egypt, ancient Rome and Greece, ancient civilizations in China, India, and Persia, through the Islamic era, and the colonial period under French and British occupation. To conduct this research, a multi-disciplinary methodology was employed, including a review of historical literature and primary sources, as well as an analysis of art, architecture, and cultural artefacts. The research sheds light on the evolution of attitudes towards disability in Egypt, including the role of religion, philosophy, and social norms in shaping perceptions of disability. The study also examines policies and initiatives aimed at supporting individuals with disabilities throughout history, such as philanthropic organizations, schools, and rehabilitation centres. The research findings have significant implications for contemporary policies and practices concerning individuals with disabilities in Egypt and other countries. Understanding the historical context of disability in Egypt can inform current efforts to promote inclusion, accessibility, and human rights for people with disabilities. Keywords: disability, Egypt, attitudes, policies, historical perspective, comparative approach

Between choices and decisions. Genetics in homoparental families through surrogacy in Argentina.

Comprehensive access to medically assisted reproduction procedures and techniques in Argentina has been assured by National Law No. 26,862 since 2013. This Law does not include surrogacy procedures, and the lack of specific regulation shifts practices to a paralegal setting. In this context, planned parenthood by male couples through surrogacy is performed through actions that convey demands for access rights and active State policies. For these couples, the argument is that surrogacy is the only option to have a child with a genetic bond with at least one of the two parents and recognize both filiatory bonds. This work results from field work in progress with parents from the Province of Buenos Aires running this practice in Argentina. Based on in-depth interviews, we attempted to rebuild personal experiences and analyze the meanings that the narratives construct regarding their parenting, the biological connections in establishing or defining family relationships, and the importance of genetics in constructing and maintaining affiliations.

Energy Access in Mountain Arba Hill, Jango Village From The Perspective of Community Environmental Justice

Environmental justice from the perspective of public participation in the development of natural resources is a national program where the government is starting to switch from fossil energy to green energy, which means that in the future the government will no longer hope for energy such as coal, oil and gas, etc. This is a very strategic step taken by the government. Centralized policies are the antithesis of the increasing pressure to decentralize regional government, including regarding the management of natural resources (SDA) in the mining and oil and gas sectors, To ensure that this program runs well, of course the community is involved in monitoring it. Community participation in sustainable development is indeed weak, including in terms of policy making, even though the laws and regulations also stipulate that the community has rights as explained in the Aarhus Convention, where parties have an obligation to guarantee the rights of access to information, community participation in decision making, and access to justice in environmental matters in accordance with the provisions of the convention. Then in Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, it is intended, among other things, 1) to provide information to the government, 2) to increase the public's willingness to accept government decisions. 3) Helps with legal protection. and 4) Democratize decision making. From the above basis, it further strengthens the community so that it can participate actively in the development of natural resources in this country.

National medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use 2023: review

Individual sexual and reproductive life management has been сonfirmed by medical and state communities since 1990s. Every citizen officially received rights for access to appropriate goods and services. Such international agreements as 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD, Cairo, Egypt) and 2004 WHO Reproductive health strategy, estimated reproductive health and family planning as priorities. Worldwide agreement on the 2005 summit declares achieving of female reproductive health before year 2015 as worldwide progress.WHO created complex of international eligibility criteria for male and female contraception with the aim of medical aid improvement. According to WHO plan, those criteria should be used by countries considering policy, needs, priorities and resources of national healthcare programs. For example, USA, United Kingdom, Russia etc. have successfully adopted medical eligibility criteria for contraception on the national level.The present review is summary product created by interdisciplinary expert group including representers of federal and regional healthcare establishments, medical universities, and international medical organizations.

ICT's in the Chilean and Latin-American civil justice. Analysis from the right of access to justice

AbstractThe incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the justice sector is not necessarily a new phenomenon. Nevertheless, the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated this process, as it required rapid solutions to mitigate the effects of social distancing and other security measures, for which ICTs proved crucial to ensure the continued provision of basic legal services. Initially used only for urgent matters, after two years it has become highly integrated into the regular functions of judicial institutions and is expected to continue as a critical tool against overburdened dockets. ICTs in the justice system can serve different purposes and can therefore be analyzed from different perspectives: efficiency in the administration of justice, interoperability between institutional actors, improvement of information for decision-makers, transparency and accountability, among others. This article focuses on access to justice. Therefore, it analyzes the ICTs implemented in Latin American countries, with a focus on the Chilean judiciary – particularly in the civil justice system – from a critical point of view, based on access to justice standards.

The Impact of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization on Young Women's Experiences of Objectification and Sexual Well-Being

The Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision overturned two previous rulings that had affirmed the constitutional right to abortion prior to fetal viability. While important work has been published about the legal, moral, professional, and economic ramifications of the Dobbs decision, missing on this topic are the voices of those most affected by these policies. We conducted an online survey to understand how the Dobbs ruling impacted the way women experience their bodies and sexual well-being. Participants were 339 cisgender women residing in the United States aged 19–29 years ( M = 24.4, SD = 2.84). Participants identified as Asian/Pacific Islander (23.0%), Black (22.4%), Latina (26.0%), Mixed (3.2%), and White (25.4%). We used codebook thematic analysis to analyze free-text survey responses. We constructed four themes and additional sub-themes related to embodiment in a post-Roe context, which consisted of experiencing objectification (denial of bodily autonomy, experiencing the body as a regulated/surveilled site, feeling dehumanized, and concern for future restrictions to abortion access and civil rights), impact on mental and sexual well-being (vigilance with sex, reduced sexual desire, sexual anxiety, personal safety anxiety), minimized impact (relationship or reproductive status, resource privilege, identifying as pro-life, concern for future), and resistance.

Unpacking Fragile Access to Justice in a Small Island State Amidst Global Pandemic: Narratives from Experiences of Niue, the Rock of Polynesia

Abstract This study considers the challenges and features of law and development faced by small island developing states (SIDS) during the COVID-19 global pandemic. This research analyzes the pre- and post-pandemic situation of access to justice in SIDS to clarify the transformation of society and the critical impact of the pandemic and to consider potential negative effects and revealed features of fragile justice in small island states. In this context, this research focuses on the case study of Niue, which is a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand since 1974 and is recognized as a small island developing state by the United Nations. Niue, known as “the Rock of Polynesia,” is home to approximately 1900 people and consists of a single isolated island of only 261 square kilometers. The principal research question to be addressed is as follows: What did the COVID-19 pandemic reveal in Niue as a challenge in the context of law and development? By exploring the current situation of access to justice among people in Niue and based on interview responses with local people, government officers, and legal practitioners, this research aims to provide policy suggestions for initiatives and assistance to guarantee the right of access to justice in Niue.

Anti-attack algorithm of cloud storage attribute base based on dynamic authorized access

Cloud storage attribute libraries usually store a large amount of sensitive data such as personal information and trade secrets. Attackers adopt diverse and complex attack methods to target the cloud storage attribute database, which makes the defense work more challenging. In order to realize the secure storage of information, an attribute based cloud storage anti-attack algorithm based on dynamic authorization access is proposed. According to the characteristic variables of the sample, the data correlation matrix is calculated, and the principal component analysis method is adopted to reduce the dimension of the data, build the anti-attack code model, simulate the dynamic authorization access rights, and calculate the packet loss rate according to the anti-attack flow. Design the initialization stage, cluster stage and cluster center update stage to realize the attack prevention of cloud storage attribute database. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately classify the anti-attack code, has good packet processing ability, relatively short page request time, and anti-attack success rate is higher than 90%, which can effectively ensure the stability of the algorithm.

KASE-AKA: Key-aggregate keyword searchable encryption against keyword guessing attack and authorization abuse

Key-Aggregate Searchable (KASE) can enable a data owner to delegate search rights over a set of data files to multiple users through a single aggregated authorization key in multi-user data sharing environments. Despite the elegance of the KASE concept, designing a KASE scheme that simultaneously prevents authorization from being abused and resists offline keyword guessing attacks is a formidable challenge. To respond the challenge, we propose a secure Key Aggregation Keyword Searchable Encryption against Keyword Guessing Attack and Authorization Abuse (KASE-AKA) scheme. Compared with existing KASE schemes, our KASE-AKA scheme has the following merits: (1) supporting dynamic update of user data search right through a user data search right list maintained by the semi-trust cloud server. (2) preventing the authorization from being abused since the authorization key (aggregate key) associates the user’s public key, a subset of access rights, and a common secret value that only the cloud and data owner can collaboratively generate. (3) providing resistance against offline keyword guessing attacks. Correctness proof, security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed KASE-AKA scheme is provably secure, highly efficient and more feasible in practical application scenarios.

Development and study of content protection models for online courses

The development and investigation of content protection models for online courses is an urgent task in light of the growing popularity of online education and the need to protect content from unauthorised access and distribution. The purpose of this study is to create effective and reliable models for protecting the content of online courses. To achieve the goal, methods of analysis of existing content protection systems and mathematical modelling were used. Models based on various security approaches, including cryptography methods, watermarks, and access rights management systems, have been developed and tested. The main result of the research was the creation of tools to protect the content of online courses, which includes a comprehensive protection system using cryptographic algorithms and watermarks. An access rights management system has also been developed, which allows restricting access to content only for authorised users. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of using a combined content protection system and can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorised access and distribution of online course content. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of applying the developed models for protecting the content of online courses in practical conditions. They can be used in various educational organisations providing online courses, and in other areas where protection of digital content from unauthorised access and distribution is required. The use of the developed content protection models will improve the security level of online courses and reduce the risks of leakage of confidential information. Moreover, the developed models can be used as an example in the development of similar digital content protection systems in other areas. In general, this research has a high practical significance and can be useful for everyone involved in the creation, storage, and distribution of digital content.

Democratization through precision technologies? Unveiling power, participation, and property rights in the agricultural bioeconomy

This piece addresses the political dimension of sustainability in the agricultural bioeconomy by focusing on power, participation, and property rights around key technologies. Bioeconomy policies aim to establish economic systems based on renewable resources such as plants and microorganisms to reduce dependence on fossil resources. To achieve this, they rely on economic growth and increased biomass production through high-tech innovations. This direction has sparked important critique of the environmental and social sustainability of such projects. However, little attention has been paid in the bioeconomy literature to the political dimension surrounding key precision technologies such as data-driven precision agriculture (PA) or precision breeding technologies using new genomic techniques (NGT). The political dimension includes questions of power, participation, and property rights regarding these technologies and the distribution of the benefits and burdens they generate. This lack of attention is particularly pertinent given the recurring and promising claims that precision technologies not only enhance environmental sustainability, but also contribute to the democratization of food and biomass production. This contribution addresses this claim in asking whether we can really speak of a democratization of the agricultural bioeconomy through these precision technologies. Drawing on (own) empirical research and historical evidence, it concludes that current patterns are neither driving nor indicative of a democratization. On the contrary, corporate control, unequal access, distribution, and property rights over data and patents point to few gains for small firms and breeders, but to a reproduction of farmers' dependencies, and less transparency for consumers.

AI-empowered mobile edge computing: inducing balanced federated learning strategy over edge for balanced data and optimized computation cost

In Mobile Edge Computing, the framework of federated learning can enable collaborative learning models across edge nodes, without necessitating the direct exchange of data from edge nodes. It addresses significant challenges encompassing access rights, privacy, security, and the utilization of heterogeneous data sources over mobile edge computing. Edge devices generate and gather data, across the network, in non-IID (independent and identically distributed) manner leading to potential variations in the number of data samples among these edge networks. A method is proposed to work in federated learning under edge computing setting, which involves AI techniques such as data augmentation and class estimation and balancing during training process with minimized computational overhead. This is accomplished through the implementation of data augmentation techniques to refine data distribution. Additionally, we leveraged class estimation and employed linear regression for client-side model training. This strategic approach yields a reduction in computational costs. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, it is applied to two distinct datasets. One dataset pertains to image data (FashionMNIST), while the other comprises numerical and textual data concerning stocks for predictive analysis of stock values. This approach demonstrates commendable performance across both dataset types and approaching more than 92% of accuracy in the paradigm of federated learning.